In Japan, there are various traditions and customs associated with crossroads (辻), where roads intersect in a cross shape. It's believed that crossroads serve as boundaries between the present world and the afterlife, making them places where gods and supernatural beings are likely to dwell. Divination and yokai (supernatural creatures) related to crossroads can be seen as expressions of the enigmatic sensibilities and refined hearts of the Japanese people.
"Tsujiumi" is a type of divination practiced in Japan since ancient times. In this practice, individuals stand at a crossroads, listen to the words spoken by passersby, and interpret their meanings as messages from the gods to determine good or bad omens. Crossroads were considered paths not only for humans but also for gods. One method of Tsujiumi involves holding a boxwood comb called "tsuge" and listening to the words of the first person who passes by while chanting a song three times. Another method involves writing short phrases of fortune-telling on paper strips (mikuji) placed in bags or tucked into treats like rolled senbei rice crackers or karintou sugar candies, and interpreting the fortune based on what's chosen. These Tsujiumi practices have been enjoyed as entertainment at gatherings and entertainment districts.
"Tsujigami" refers to a type of yokai that has been believed in Japan since ancient times. Tsujigami are malevolent deities or evil spirits that reside at crossroads and are thought to bring calamity. Especially in houses built facing the dead-end of a T-shaped intersection, it's said that Tsujigami are more likely to enter, often resulting in illness or ongoing misfortune. As a countermeasure, it's a custom to place protective stones called "ishigandou" at crossroads or T-intersections.
Tsujiumi and Tsujigami also appear in Japanese history and culture. Classic works like the "Manyoshu" poetry anthology and ukiyo-zoshi literature feature stories related to Tsujiumi. Furthermore, in cities like Kyoto and Tokyo, there are place names and events tied to Tsujiumi and Tsujigami. For example, in Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine's "Omikuji" path in Kyoto's Fushimi Ward, where four paths intersect, the point is called "Yotsuzuj" or "Four Tsuji." There, a tea shop called "Nishimuratei" founded in 1864 attracts numerous visitors. Additionally, the boundary between Iikura 2-3 chome in Minato Ward, Tokyo, is called "Yotsuzuj," and a grass market is held there every July 12th.
Crossroads hold a special place in the hearts of the Japanese people. Divination and yokai practices at crossroads offer insights into Japanese psychology and beliefs. Exploring the mystique of crossroads could provide a deeper understanding of Japanese sensibilities and culture.